Indonesia, in accordance with the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (UUD 1945), stipulates that sovereignty resides with the people and is exercised in accordance with the law. As a manifestation of direct democracy, the conduct of general elections serves as the primary instrument for realising representation and the legitimacy of government. Consequently, regulations governing the conduct of elections play a critical role in safeguarding the quality of democracy.
However, to date, the general election system in Indonesia exhibits various signs of regulatory uncertainty, inconsistencies in implementation, and normative complexity. Research indicates that electoral regulations are scattered across numerous laws and have not been comprehensively codified, leading to contradictions, duplication, and differing standards. In the current climate, where simultaneous elections are a pressing demand, this fragmented regulatory framework poses a significant obstacle.
