While the administration of the 2015 simultaneous regional elections was of higher quality, the outcomes did not necessarily guarantee the formation of effective governments. It is likely that most regional governments resulting from the simultaneous elections remained divided governments, in which the elected regional heads were not supported by the political party or coalition that nominated them.
The situation became even more complex due to the high level of political fragmentation within provincial and regency/municipal legislative councils (DPRD). As a result, governors, vice governors, regents, mayors, and their deputies often faced significant challenges in formulating and implementing policies. Even when agreements were eventually reached between regional executives and local legislatures, the resulting policies were frequently shaped and distorted by political bargaining and transactional politics.
